Purpose: Foodborne diseases are still a serious problem in public health and natural compounds are being widely considered for their potential industrial protective Additive in food products. Origanum vulgare L. has been known as an antimicrobial effective herb. This present study was carried out to examine the antimicrobial effect of O. vulgare essential oil nanoemulsion in comparison with conventional emulsion. Methods: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-Mass and Formulated as a nanoemulsion to improve water dispersion by high-energy emulsification method. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared Formulation was assessed by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) and zone of inhibition against some main foodborne pathogen microorganisms. Results: The main component of the oregano essential oil was carvacrol (78%) and the selected nanoemulsion Formulation demonstrated low polydispersity (0. 11) and mean droplet (72. 26 nm) and it was stable even after 30 days of storage. The nanoemulsion Form displayed significant activity against the Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with inhibition zones ranging from 8. 7– 22. 3 mm. The MIC of nanoemulsion against the tested bacteria was within the range of 0. 156 to 0. 312 (mg/mL) and against the tested fungi were in the range of 0. 078 to 0. 156 (mg/mL). The MBC/MFC of nanoemulsion against the tested microorganisms were in the range of 0. 312 to 5 (mg/mL). Conclusion: The study’ s results demonstrated the possibility of using the nanoemulsion Form of oregano essential oil as a food Additive to inhibit the growth of some foodborne microorganisms and extending the shelf life of food products.

In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ), crop height is an important determinant of agronomic perFormance. To map QTLs with Additive effects and Additive×Additive epistatic interactions, 148 recombinant inbred lines and their parents, (‘ YecoraRojo’ and Iranian landrace (No. #49)) were evaluated under normal and water deficit conditions. The experiments were carried out on research farms of Mahabad University and Miyandoab Agricultural Research Center in 2014-2015. The experimental design was an alpha lattice design with two replications. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the studied traits were carried out for Additive effects and Additive×Additive epistatic interactions using the QTL Network 2. 0 software based on the mixed-linear model. A number of 177 microsatellite and 51 retrotransposon markers were used to construct the linkage map. In the present study stem length, plant weight, peduncle length, and peduncle weight were measured. Results showed that under both normal and water deficit conditions, both positive and negative transgressive segregations were significant, also the highest and lowest broad and narrow sense heritability were estimated for stem length (73. 69 and 36. 74 percent) and peduncle length (40. 51 and 20. 25 percent), respectably. The results showed that under the normal condition, seven QTLs (R2 A=5 to 11%), and eight Additive×Additive epistatic interactions (R2 AA=1. 66 to 10. 92%) were significant. Under the water deficit condition seven QTLs (R2 A=4. 27 to 9%), and five Additive×Additive epistatic interactions (R2 AA=3. 8 to 14. 58%) were significant. Five QTLs from the 14 QTLs identified in this study were located in chromosome 5A, indicating the importance of this chromosome in controlling the plant architecture characteristics and possibly using it for marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering.

Consider $Y$ as a real Hausdorff topological vector space and $(G,+)$ as a  Abelian group  uniquely divisible by 2. In this paper, the solutions and stability of the Pexiderized set-valued functional equations\begin{align*}    f(x+y)+f(x-y)+g(x+y)&=2f(x)+f(y)+f(-y)+g(x)\\    & \quad +g(y), \\    f(x+y)+f(x-y)+g(x+y)&=2f(x)+2f(y)+g(x)+g(y),\end{align*}are investigated, where $f$ and $g$ are unknown functions  from $G$ to $cc(Y)$.